Dr. Soniya Mandana
Candida albicans is a common commensal fungus that lives in healthy people's skin and infects the pharynx, gastrointestinal, and vaginal tracts. C. albicans is a part of the normal macrobiotic flora in 50% of people. Candida species can cause a variety of clinical manifestations, ranging from superficial, localized disorders of the mucocutaneous system to invasive, life-threatening diseases that affect multiple organ systems. Diverse factors, ranging from systemic and local to hereditary and environmental, disrupt Candida's normal homeostasis, transforming normal flora into pathogenic and opportunistic infections. Candida's virulence characteristics, which lead to the development of candidiasis, also influence the transition in the pathophysiology of the onset and progression of infection. There are many different clinical manifestations of oral candidiasis, including primary and secondary candidiasis. The gastrointestinal tract is the body's primary source of C. albicans, and the development of infections is caused by the symbiotic relationship between the local microbiota, immune dysfunction, and damage to the mucointestinal barrier. Candidaemia—invasive Candida infections are correlated with the presence of C. albicans in the blood. As long as the host immune system and C. albicans' virulence factors are in balance, the commensal relationship continues. Clinical manifestations of specific candidiasis and the virulence characteristics of Candida albicans are discussed in this paper.
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