Tingting Xiao*
For the treatment of systemic disorders like diabetes as well as local lung diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and respiratory infections, the pulmonary administration route has been extensively used. The majority of inhaled medications are quickly removed from the lungs and have transient therapeutic effects. Extended pulmonary exposure from inhaled medications may not only increase patient compliance by lowering drug administration frequency, but also increase clinical benefits for patients through improved therapeutic results. The physical and chemical methods to increase the pulmonary exposure of inhaled medications are systematically reviewed in this article. It begins with an overview of the numerous physiological and pathophysiological obstacles to creating inhaled medications with prolonged lung exposure, and then it moves on to discuss recent developments in a number of techniques to get around these obstacles. Finally, a summary of the uses of inhaled medications with prolonged lung exposure for treating various diseases and the safety issues related to various methods of prolonging pulmonary exposure of inhaled medications is provided.
English 
Spanish 
Russian 
German 
French 
Japanese 
Portuguese 
Hindi