Ishita Mathur*, Shivali Rana Manwatkar
Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that affects reproductive females worldwide and has 10% prevalence. The major endocrine disruption is hyperandrogenism, oligo-anovulation and some women may also have abnormal insulin activity.1 Various body systems are affected by polycystic ovarian syndrome which results in health complications like menstrual dysfunction, hirsutism, acne, obesity, and metabolic syndrome.
Aim: This study emphasizes on evaluating the spectrum of clinical presentation of PCOS and Role of AMH in women with PCOS attending the Gynae-Obs Out-patient department of a tertiary care hospital.
Methodology: A prospective observational study was carried out in the Gynecology & Obstetrics OPD at SMI Hospital, Dehradun. A self-designed questionnaire-based study was conducted on subjects with symptoms of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.
Data collection: The data collected included: Demographic details, Family History, Gynecological History, Clinical features, Personal Habits. Microsoft Excel and SPSS 25 software was used for the calculations.
Results: The incidence rate of PCOS, the mean age of women diagnosed with PCOS and mean of menarche were calculated. It was found that 20% of PCOS women were obese and had a BMI above 30 kg/m2. 37% of PCOS women were overweight and had a BMI between 25.1-29.9 kg/m2. Global Acne Scoring Method and Ferriman-Galleway method were used to assess occurrence of acne and hirsutism. Part from the spectrum of clinical presentation, the emerging role of AMH in PCOS was also evaluated. SPSS 25 software was used for statistical analysis for evaluating the effects of risk factors associated with PCOS on Serum AMH levels. Chi-square tests were used for the assessment of co-relation among these factors. P-value <0.05 was considered significant. The risk factors that were significant to AMH levels were Duration of period cycle, Flow in menses, History of DM, thyroid issues and hypertension, Family history of DM, hypertension, thyroid issues, Gynecological history of mother and sisters, and BMI.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study suggests that PCOS is an emerging health concern among reproductive women and is associated with many consequences like menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, acne, alopecia, and infertility, which were common endocrine disorders. Family history of diabetes and hypothyroidism were important risk factors associated with PCOS. Women who were overweight/obese were at a higher risk of developing PCOS. History of menstrual irregularities and PCOD/PCOS in mother and sisters of women also had significance in the occurrence of PCOS. AMH levels will provide reliable information in diagnosing PCOS and should be used in future along with Rotterdam or NIH criteria.
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